Contraception is central to reproductive autonomy and maternal health outcomes; however, its utilization in India reflects deep-rooted sociocultural stratification. Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) reveal that while overall contraceptive prevalence has improved, method choice remains heavily skewed toward female sterilization, particularly among women of higher parity and lower socioeconomic status. Spacing methods—including condoms, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices—are more frequently adopted by younger, urban, and better-educated women, yet remain underutilized in rural and marginalized populations.

Caste- and religion-based disparities significantly influence contraceptive behavior, with lower uptake of modern methods observed among disadvantaged caste groups and certain religious communities, often mediated by access barriers, cultural norms, and gender dynamics. Age and parity further shape choices, with early adoption of permanent methods limiting reproductive flexibility among young women. Male participation in contraception remains negligible across all strata.

A multidistrict KAP study was done about the knowledge of contraceptives in grass root health workers of government of Rajasthan and how they spread the knowledge in the public in correct way and helping public in fighting with their myths. Do they justify their role as community worker and helping people of outreach areas.

Despite efforts under the National Health Mission to expand method mix and access, inequities persist. A shift toward a rights-based, equity-driven, and demographically responsive approach is imperative to ensure informed choice, enhance spacing method uptake, and address unmet need across India’s diverse population landscape.

TBA